What is the basic type of gardens? (2)

——Based on the hypotaxis

Imperial gardens, private gardens, temple gardens

These three types are the main body of Chinese classical gardens, the mainstream of gardening activities, and the essence of garden art. In addition, there are some non-subject and non-mainstream gardens, such as ancestral gardens, academy gardens, clubhouse gardens, and attached gardens of tea houses and restaurants.

1. Royal garden: Palatial garden, imperial garden, etc.

(1) Imperial garden: That is, the emperor's house is built in the imperial city, and is close to the emperor's residence, which is convenient for the emperor's daily recreation.

The Forbidden City

The Forbidden City: The most representative of imperial garden was Beijing's Forbidden City with glazed roof tiles.

(2) Xanadu garden: It is built in a scenic area near the capital or far away from the capital.

Chengde Garden

2. Private gardens: garden house, mountain villa, etc.

Private gardens are owned by private nobles, bureaucrats, gentry, literati, and wealthy merchants (the complement and extension of imperial power). Due to the constraints of the feudal etiquette system, private gardens are different from royal gardens in terms of content and form. Their characteristics are: small scale, commonly used rockery and water, small and exquisite buildings, and elegant colors. The architecture mainly built by clay roof tiles.

The Humble Administrator's Garden

3. Temple gardens

The attached gardens of the Buddhist temple and Taoist temple create a quiet and elegant environment, and pursue the tranquility of the world. The feudal political system determined the status of religion, and the architectural form of the temple concept gradually converged to the royal court and mansion.

ShaolinTemple

Source: National Architecture Institute of China